What Exotic Animal Resembles A Deer But Is The Size Of A Small Pig

Family of mammals belonging to even-toed ungulates

Chevrotain Temporal range: Oligocene–Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J One thousand Pg N

Tragulus kanchil
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Artiodactyla
Infraorder:	Tragulina
Family unit:	Tragulidae H. Milne-Edwards, 1864
Type genus
Tragulus Brisson, 1762
Genera
Hyemoschus Moschiola Tragulus

Chevrotains, or mouse-deer, are pocket-sized even-toed ungulates that make upward the family Tragulidae, the but extant members of the infraorder Tragulina. The 10 extant species are placed in three genera,^[1] ^[two] but several species also are known but from fossils.^[3] The extant species are establish in forests in S and Southeast Asia, with a single species, the water chevrotain, in the rainforests of Primal and West Africa.^[4] They are lone or live in pairs, and feed almost exclusively on establish material.^[iv] Chevrotains are the smallest hoofed mammals in the world. The Asian species weigh between 0.vii and 8.0 kg (1.5 and 17.vi lb), while the African chevrotain is considerably larger at 7–16 kg (fifteen–35 lb).^[five] With an average length of 45 cm (eighteen in) and an average peak of 30 cm (12 in), the Java mouse-deer is the smallest extant (living) ungulate or hoofed mammal, as well as the smallest extant even-toed ungulate.^[6]

In Nov 2019, conservation scientists announced that they had photographed argent-backed chevrotains (Tragulus versicolor) in a Vietnamese forest for the get-go time since the terminal confirmed sightings in 1990.^[vii] ^[8] ^[nine]

Etymology [edit]

The word "chevrotain" comes from the French word chevrot (kid or fawn), derived from the Center French chèvre (goat).^[10]

The single African species is consistently known as "chevrotain".^[one] ^[iv] ^[11] The names "chevrotain" and "mouse-deer" have been used interchangeably among the Asian species,^[4] ^[12] ^[13] ^[xiv] though recent government typically accept preferred chevrotain for the species in the genus Moschiola and mouse-deer for the species in the genus Tragulus.^[1] Consequently, all species with stake-spotted or -striped upper parts are known as "chevrotain" and without are known as "mouse-deer".

The Telugu proper name for the Indian spotted chevrotain is jarini pandi, which literally means "a deer and a pig".^{[ citation needed ]} In Kannada, it is chosen barka (ಬರ್ಕ), in Malayalam, information technology is called കൂരമാൻ kūramān, and the Konkani name for information technology is barinka. The Tamil term is சருகு மான் sarukumāṉ "leaf-pile deer". The Sinhala name meeminna roughly translates to "mouse-similar deer". This was used in the scientific name of the Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain, M. meminna.

Biology [edit]

The family unit was widespread and successful from the Oligocene (34 1000000 years ago) through the Miocene (near 5 million years agone), merely has remained almost unchanged over that time and remains every bit an example of primitive ruminant form. They have four-chambered stomachs to ferment tough institute foods, but the tertiary chamber is poorly developed. Though most species feed exclusively on plant material, the water chevrotain occasionally takes insects and crabs or scavenges meat and fish.^[15] Like other ruminants, they lack upper incisors. They give nascence to only a unmarried young.

In other respects, however, they have primitive features, closer to nonruminants such as pigs. All species in the family lack antlers and horns, but both sexes have elongated canine teeth. These are especially prominent in males, where they project out on either side of the lower jaw, and are used in fights.^[4] Their legs are short and sparse, which get out them lacking in agility, only also helps to maintain a smaller profile to aid in running through the dense foliage of their environments. Other pig-similar features include the presence of four toes on each foot, the absence of facial scent glands, premolars with sharp crowns,^[16] and the form of their sexual behaviour and copulation.^[17] ^[sixteen]

They are solitary or live in pairs.^[four] The young are weaned at 3 months of age, and reach sexual maturity betwixt v and x months, depending on species. Parental care is relatively limited. Although they lack the types of scent glands constitute in near other ruminants, they practice possess a chin gland for marking each other as mates or antagonists, and, in the case of the water chevrotain, anal and preputial glands for marker territory. Their territories are relatively small, on the order of 13–24 hectares (32–59 acres), but neighbors generally ignore each other, rather than compete aggressively.^[16]

Some of the species evidence a remarkable affinity with water, often remaining submerged for prolonged periods to evade predators or other unwelcome intrusions. This has also lent support to the idea that whales evolved from water-loving creatures that looked like small deer.^[18] ^[19]

Taxonomy [edit]

Tragulidae's placement within Artiodactyla can be represented in the following cladogram:^[twenty] ^[21] ^[22] ^[23] ^[24]

Traditionally, only four extant species were recognized in the family Tragulidae.^[4] In 2004, T. nigricans and T. versicolor were split from T. napu, and T. kanchil and T. williamsoni were dissever from T. javanicus.^[25] In 2005, Thousand. indica and M. kathygre were dissever from M. meminna.^[two] With these changes, the 10 extant species are:

Indian spotted chevrotain

Family unit Tragulidae
- Genus Hyemoschus
  - Water chevrotain, Hyemoschus aquaticus
- Genus Moschiola
  - Indian spotted chevrotain, Moschiola indica
  - Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain, Moschiola meminna
  - Yellowish-striped chevrotain, Moschiola kathygre
- Genus Tragulus
  - Java mouse-deer, Tragulus javanicus
  - Lesser mouse-deer or kanchil, Tragulus kanchil
  - Greater mouse-deer, Tragulus napu
  - Philippine mouse-deer, Tragulus nigricans
  - Vietnam mouse-deer, Tragulus versicolor
  - Williamson's mouse-deer, Tragulus williamsoni

Aboriginal chevrotains [edit]

The Hypertragulidae were closely related to the Tragulidae.

The six extinct chevrotain genera^[three] include:

Genus Dorcatherium
- Dorcatherium minus from Islamic republic of pakistan
- Dorcatherium majus from Pakistan
- Dorcatherium naui, from Central Europe^[26]
Genus Dorcabune
- Dorcabune anthracotherioides from Pakistan
- Dorcabune nagrii from Pakistan
Genus Afrotragulus Sánchez, Quiralte, Morales and Pickford, 2010 ^[27]
- Afrotragulus moruorotensis (previously "Dorcatherium" moruorotensis Pickford, 2001) (early Miocene) from Moruorot, Kenya
- Afrotragulus parvus (previously "D." parvus Withworth 1958) (early Miocene) from Rusinga Island, Republic of kenya
Genus Siamotragulus
- Siamotragulus sanyathanai Thomas, Ginsburg, Hintong and Suteethorn, 1990 (eye Miocene) from Lampang, Thailand
- Siamotragulus haripounchai Mein and Ginsburg, 1997 (Miocene) from Lamphun, Thailand
Genus Yunnanotherium
Genus Archaeotragulus ^[28]
- Archaeotragulus krabiensis Metais, Chaimanee, Jaeger and Ducrocq, 2001 (late Eocene) from Krabi, Thailand

The extinct chevrotains might also include^[29] ^[thirty]

Genus Krabitherium
- Krabitherium waileki Metais, Chaimanee, Jaeger and Ducrocq, 2007 (late Eocene) from Krabi, Thailand^[31]

Footnotes [edit]

^ Changing taxonomy in the genus Tragulus brand verbal species identification uncertain, but either T. javanicus or T. kanchil. Note besides the contradicting English language and scientific names on the sign on the photo.

References [edit]

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